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March Workgroups Highlight Rural Remote Patient Monitoring and Post-Discharge Follow-Up Innovations

March Workgroups Highlight Rural Remote Patient Monitoring and Post-Discharge Follow-Up Innovations

In March, the Michigan Value Collaborative (MVC) hosted two workgroups highlighting innovative strategies to improve care transitions and expand access to care across Michigan. A rural health workgroup explored how McKenzie Health System implemented remote patient monitoring to support patients with chronic conditions. MVC’s post-discharge follow-up workgroup featured a presentation from MyMichigan Health on the development of a continuing care clinic designed to improve post-discharge follow-up and reduce hospital readmissions.

Together, these presentations demonstrated how healthcare organizations can leverage care coordination, technology, and new care delivery models to improve patient outcomes across the continuum of care. The MVC Coordinating Center hosts one to two workgroup presentations per month covering a variety of topics including post-discharge follow-up, sepsis, cardiac rehabilitation, rural health, preoperative testing, and health in action.

Rural Health Workgroup – McKenzie Remote Patient Monitoring

The first workgroup of the month featured a presentation led by Heather Baumeister, BSN, RN, CRHCP, Director of Healthcare Practices at McKenzie Health System, who shared how her organization implemented a remote patient monitoring (RPM) program to better support patients living in rural communities.

McKenzie Health System includes a 25-bed critical access hospital (CAH) located in Sandusky, Michigan. The organization also operates six primary care clinics across multiple communities throughout the Thumb region offering several specialty services such as gastroenterology, orthopedic care, general surgery, and behavioral health. Like many rural health systems, McKenzie serves a geographically dispersed patient population where travel distance and limited healthcare resources can make frequent in-person visits difficult. To help bridge these gaps, Baumeister said, the organization relies heavily on care coordination.

McKenzie currently employs three full-time and one part-time registered nurse care coordinators who support primary care clinics across the system. Baumeister described how these coordinators conduct daily follow-ups with patients seen in the emergency department and help connect patients without an established primary care provider to appropriate outpatient care. Care coordinators also participate in monthly readmission review meetings to identify patients who may benefit from additional care management services and reduce avoidable hospitalizations.

Launching a Remote Patient Monitoring Program

To expand its ability to monitor patients between visits, McKenzie Health System participated in an 18-month pilot program focused on RPM for rural health systems. After completing the pilot, McKenzie established a long-term partnership with an RPM vendor to manage several operational aspects of McKenzie’s RPM program, including device shipping, monitoring, nurse outreach for readings outside clinical thresholds, uploading data into the electronic health record (EHR), and billing services. Baumeister said this helped clinicians at McKenzie to integrate RPM into their care model without needing to manage the technical infrastructure internally.

Providers refer patients to the program through the organization’s EHR. After receiving a referral, the RPM vendor enrolls the patient and distributes the appropriate monitoring devices. Patients enrolled in the program receive connected monitoring devices that automatically transmit readings directly to the monitoring platform after patients begin taking measurements. Devices currently used include blood pressure cuffs, weight scales, blood glucose monitors, and pulse oximeters. If readings fall outside predetermined ranges, a monitoring nurse contacts the patient to assess symptoms and determine whether clinical intervention is needed. If necessary, the nurse escalates the case to the patient’s provider according to established care protocols.

Implementing the program in a rural context presented several challenges. Baumeister described how unreliable internet near Michigan’s lakeshore, difficulty reaching patients by phone, and excessive measurement were challenges in delivering the program.

Benefits of RPM Program

Baumeister said the RPM program is particularly beneficial for patients managing chronic conditions like congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and obesity. This is because remote monitoring enables care teams to detect early warning signs of health deterioration that might otherwise go unnoticed between routine visits so providers can intervene proactively. Baumeister gave examples such as adjusting medications, scheduling follow-up appointments, or providing additional education before conditions worsen.

She also noted that many patients became more engaged in their own care through the program, as regular monitoring helped them better understand how lifestyle choices affect their health. View the complete workgroup recording using the video below.

MVC Rural Health Workgroup: March 3, 2026

Post-Discharge Follow-Up Workgroup – MyMichigan Health Continuing Care Clinic

MVC’s second March workgroup featured a presentation by Steven Frazier, MHA, BA, RN, ACM-RN, Director of Quality and Patient Safety for Post-Acute Services at MyMichigan Health, and Dr. John Hagan, DO, Family Medicine Physician and Medical Director of the Continuing Care Clinic at MyMichigan Health. Their presentation highlighted the MyMichigan Health Continuing Care Clinic (CCC), a program designed to ensure patients receive timely follow-up care after hospitalization and to reduce hospital readmissions. Frazier previously presented about the establishment of the CCC program at MVC’s May 2024 collaborative-wide meeting, and this month provided a number of updates on progress in the program to date.

MyMichigan Health serves more than one million Michigan residents across a 26-county region, with multiple medical centers and roughly 1,100 hospital beds. Despite this extensive network, MyMichigan recognized that many patients faced barriers to obtaining timely follow-up care after leaving the hospital, citing limited appointment availability with primary care providers as well as patients without established providers struggling to navigate the healthcare system.

Frazier and Hagan said internal MyMichigan data revealed hospital readmissions were often occurring 12-13 days after discharge, highlighting a critical window when follow-up care could potentially prevent complications. Research also suggested that follow-up with a physician within seven days of discharge could significantly reduce both readmission and mortality risk for patients hospitalized with conditions such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and COPD.

Launching and Evolving the Continuing Care Clinic

To address these gaps in care, MyMichigan Health opened the CCC in Midland, Michigan in August 2023. The clinic now operates with two locations (Midland and Alma) and three providers, supported by a multidisciplinary care team. The clinic was designed to function as a transitional care bridge, ensuring patients receive follow-up care within seven days after discharge while they wait to reconnect with their primary care providers. Services currently range from follow-up visits and assistance with establishing a primary care provider to behavioral health support and advance care planning.

Since its launch, the clinic’s role has expanded beyond its original focus on hospital discharge visits to support patients who are transitioning between primary care providers, are new to the community’s providers, need additional support navigating the healthcare system, or are seeking follow-up after emergency or urgent care visits. This evolution has allowed the clinic to function as a comprehensive transitions-of-care hub within the MyMichigan Health system.

Early Results and Impact

According to Frazier and Hagan, the CCC has already demonstrated encouraging results, saying that the program helped the health system achieve lower readmission rates compared to peers and maintain short scheduling lead times for follow-up appointments. Additionally, MyMichigan has seen an improvement in operational efficiency and budget performance with the expansion of services to additional geographic regions within the system. The program has also helped bring new patients to the MyMichigan Health network by connecting individuals without primary care providers with internal ongoing care relationships.

Patient feedback has been an important indicator of the clinic’s success, the presenters noted. Patient testimonials were shared during the presentation that emphasized how the clinic helped patients better understand their diagnoses, feel supported during recovery, and access care more easily after discharge. Patients described the clinic as a valuable resource that provided compassionate care and guidance during a vulnerable time in their healthcare journey. View the complete workgroup recording using the video below.

MVC Post-Discharge Follow-Up Workgroup: Mar. 19, 2026

Key Takeaways for MVC Members

The March workgroups highlighted two practical approaches to improving patient outcomes across the care continuum, with several key themes emerging. For one, remote patient monitoring is expanding access to care by helping teams identify early warning signs and better manage chronic conditions—especially in rural communities. At the same time, dedicated transition clinics are strengthening post-discharge care by ensuring timely follow-up and support after hospitalization.

Across both models, strong care coordination remains essential, supported by multidisciplinary teams, clear communication, and sometimes newer technologies. Just as important, patient engagement continues to drive better outcomes by empowering individuals to take a more active role in their care.

Through these shared examples, MVC workgroups continued to support collaboration and help organizations across Michigan identify actionable strategies to improve quality, outcomes, and value. If you are interested in pursuing a healthcare quality improvement project, MVC has data specialists available to help you navigate our data resources and create custom analytics reports to support your efforts. Please reach out to us by email [LINK] if you would like to learn more about MVC data, engagement offerings, or would like to present at a future MVC workgroup.

 

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October Workgroup Highlights Food FARMacy Program for Chronic Disease Management

October Workgroup Highlights Food FARMacy Program for Chronic Disease Management

In October, MVC’s health in action workgroup featured Hurley Medical Center’s Amanda Escalera-Torres, RD, Director and Nutrition Specialist for their Food FARMacy program. The presentation shared how the program helps support patients with chronic diseases by providing healthy food and nutrition education. The MVC Coordinating Center hosts workgroup presentations twice per month, covering a variety of topics including post-discharge follow-up, sepsis, cardiac rehabilitation, rural health, preoperative testing, and health in action. 

Health in Action Workgroup: Hurley Medical Center 

Hurley Medical Center’s Food FARMacy initiative was founded in 2017 to address Genesee County’s higher food insecurity rate of 13% (compared to the state average of 11%). It was funded by several grants and the Hurley Foundation to provide support services such as grocery access and nutrition education for Hurley patients. According to a 2024 MVC member survey, programs such as this are becoming more common in health systems across the state to address non-medical drivers of health such as food insecurity, economic and housing instability, and other factors. Food insecurity and being unable to access nutritious food has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer (Odoms-Young, 2024).  

Patient Eligibility and Enrollment 

Escalera-Torres shared that patients are eligible to enroll in the Hurley Food FARMacy program if they are both food-insecure and have a chronic diet-related condition (Figure 1). Patients are referred to the program through avenues such as Hurley Medical Center inpatient or outpatient services, community health clinics, or primary care clinics throughout Genesee County. Once enrolled, patients receive monthly grocery support, meal kits, and nutrition classes for up to six months (Figure 2). 

Figure 1.

vertical bar chart of predicted disease prevalence for adults in low-income households 2019-2022, source: USDA Economic Research Service

Figure 2.

Food FARMacy nutrition education classes and materials

Food Distribution Process 

Each month, Hurley’s Food FARMacy program provides 300–400 patients with food access and education. Groceries are acquired through established contracts with local farmers and vendors and include locally sourced fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, meat, and more.  

Program and Participant Success 

Hurley Food FARMacy expanded their food resources by increasing their farmer and vendor contracts to 11 this past year. This provides more accessibility for food and helps boost the local Michigan economy. The program also established 12 referral partnerships across Genesee County’s community health centers and primary care providers, allowing the program to serve over 5,500 individuals in the last year. Among the population served, only 5% of those who completed six or more Food FARMacy visits in the last year had an inpatient admission (Figure 3).  

Figure 3.

Food FARMacy program and participant successes

Reducing Barriers 

Following the presentation, Escalera-Torres answered questions about the ways the program has been able to reduce barriers to access, including how food supply was managed during the off-season and how they accommodated patients with transportation limitations. Escalera-Torres explained that the program did experience some difficulty acquiring fresh produce during the off-season but recently partnered with Great Lakes Farm to Freezer to ensure availability of a robust selection of nutritious foods year-round. To address patient transportation barriers, Hurley Food FARMacy partnered with Door Dash earlier in the year for a trial run of delivering food to participants. The program was well received but ended due to lack of continued funding. Patients with transportation barriers are now able to assign a proxy to pick up their groceries, which has helped reduce accessibility barriers.  

The Food FARMacy program will continue to adapt and serve Genesee County patients providing quality food and improving nutritional awareness for chronic diet-related illnesses.  

MVC's cardiac rehabilitation workgroup for October was rescheduled for February 2026. View the complete 2026 workgroup calendar here. 

MVC welcomes workgroup presenters from across Michigan to share their expertise, success stories, initiatives, and solution-focused ideas with MVC members. Please reach out to us by email if you are interested in being a workgroup presenter or submit a presentation proposal here. 

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CQI Spotlight: Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes

CQI Spotlight: Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) affects over 1 in 9 adults in Michigan and increases the risk of kidney and cardiovascular disease, hypertension, nerve and eye damage. Although newer interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in treating and preventing T2D, barriers to widespread dissemination and implementation remain a challenge. Delivering evidence-based diabetes care to all T2D patients in Michigan is essential for creating a future where diabetes is no longer a chronic progressive disease.

With this vision in mind, the Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes (MCT2D) launched in 2021 and aims to accelerate implementation of guideline-concordant care, through supporting its participating practices with quality improvement efforts. MTC2D is currently focused on three evidence-based strategies: dietary and lifestyle changes based on the use of continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), guideline-directed antihyperglycemic medications, and low-carbohydrate eating patterns. MCT2D recognizes the importance of utilizing these strategies to reduce T2D incidence and to slow disease progression to improve health in Michigan and lower health care costs.

In three short years, MCT2D’s quality improvement efforts have already resulted in major achievements. As MCT2D Program Director and Associate Professor of Family Medicine at the University of Michigan Lauren Oshman, MD, MPH, stated,

quote by Lauren Oshman, MD, MPH, Program Director of MCT2D: "MCT2D’s community works together to share best practices and overcome barriers we see in our practices. We’ve already seen improvements in the use of medications to prevent heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease and the prescribing of CGMs to improve diabetes control."

So far, MCT2D has recruited more than 400 primary care, endocrinology, and nephrology practices across the state. Their efforts have resulted in a 12% relative reduction in patients with an A1c greater than 8% from 2021 to 2023, as well as an increase in CGM prescribing from 17% to 31% for patients who were on insulin (2021-2023).

MCT2D’s recent successes stem from its commitment to placing patients at the heart of their efforts. The MCT2D patient advisory board meets six times a year to guide the activities of the collaborative, including reviewing medication handouts, low-carbohydrate meal plans and grocery lists, instructional videos on injectable medications, and guides for using continuous glucose monitoring devices (Figure 1). This ensures materials are accessible and patient friendly. Patients are also invited to attend collaborative-wide and regional meetings to share their stories alongside healthcare professionals, further emphasizing the central role of the patient in MCT2D’s quality improvement initiatives.

Figure 1. MCT2D Resources and Education Materials

MCT2D Resources and Education Materials

In addition to supporting patients, MCT2D addresses the needs of clinicians by offering guidance on clinical best practices, as well as insurance coverage and cost-related issues. MCT2D also hosts regional meetings twice a year and monthly educational webinars where guest speakers deliver presentations on topics requested by collaborative members. Sessions have covered topics such as “Mental Health and Diabetes,” “Working with Specialists,” and “Metabolic Surgery for Type 2 Diabetes.”

MCT2D’s impact on the quality of T2D care is dependent on strong collaborative partnerships with its 23 participating physician organizations.  While MCT2D brings together physician participants from primary care, endocrinology, and nephrology, it centers the crucial role of other members of the care team, including pharmacists, nurse practitioners and physician assistants, care managers, nurses, and dietitians. As Dr. Oshman explains, "Taking care of people with T2D is a team sport. The strength of our collaborative comes from our diversity."

Over the past year, MCT2D and MVC have collaborated in several ways. MVC provides claims-based data and analytic consultation to support MCT2D in establishing quality improvement benchmarks. MVC also collaborated with MCT2D in 2024 to develop a statewide report on T2D in Michigan. This report provided a comprehensive overview of the demographics, healthcare visits, and prescription utilization patterns of patients with T2D in Michigan. The report highlighted key trends in healthcare utilization within this patient population, including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and consultations with primary care providers (PCPs) and specialists.

MVC is currently partnering with MCT2D on a value exercise to compare the use of guideline concordant medications and change in cost and outcomes among T2D patients in MCT2D practices compared to non-participating practices. This work significantly enhanced the MVC team's understanding of pharmacy claims data from BCBSM and BCN and provided valuable insights that will inform future projects and analyses using pharmacy claims data.

MVC is proud to partner with MCT2D in advancing T2D care across Michigan. The BCBSM-funded CQIs play a crucial role in driving healthcare quality improvement, and MVC is excited to continue showcasing the innovative contributions of individual CQIs and the ways in which MVC’s data analytics are supporting high-value care initiatives across the portfolio.

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March Workgroups Highlight Chronic Kidney Disease Detection in Primary Care and Population Health Program

March Workgroups Highlight Chronic Kidney Disease Detection in Primary Care and Population Health Program

In March, MVC hosted two virtual workgroup presentations – the first, a rural health workgroup focused on enhancing early detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in primary care and the second, a post-discharge follow-up workgroup focused on the impact of launching a population health program. MVC hosts two virtual workgroups per month with topics rotating between post-discharge follow-up, sepsis, cardiac rehabilitation, rural health, preoperative testing, and health in action (ad hoc focused topics). Each month, the MVC Coordinating Center publishes key highlights from the past month’s presentations to provide resources and support best practice sharing across the state.

Rural Health Workgroup March 11, 2025

In support of National Kidney Month, MVC’s first rural health workgroup of 2025 featured a presentation by Mary Wozniak, Program Manager for the National Kidney Foundation of Michigan (NKFM) and Jill Oesterle, Director of Provider Solutions for Michigan Center for Rural Health (MCRH). The joint presentation focused on the partnership between NKFM and MCRH on a 2024 Medicaid Impact and Expansion grant.

Low recognition of CKD is a chronic health problem. Nearly 35.5 million Americans are projected to have CKD but according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) up to 90% of patients are unaware of their CKD status. Additionally, among Medicaid beneficiaries with CKD, the average estimated healthcare costs per year is more than six times the average cost per person when compared to patients without CKD.

Despite the availability of diagnostic tests like estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin: creatinine ratio (ACR), fewer than half of individuals with diabetes and less than 10% with hypertension receive annual CKD screenings, even though both groups face heightened CKD risk. For more information about testing, Wozniak recommended the guidelines for CKD screening and management from KDIGO and KDOQI.

Knowing that CKD can be diagnosed with two simple evidence-based laboratory tests, NKFM and MCRH teamed up to combat low CKD screening rates. To start, Wozniak and Oesterle explained that the partnership established a CKD Learning Collaborative Initiative made up of four rural health clinics: Cass City Family Practice, Cass City Medical Practice, St. Helen Mclaren Primary Care, and Clare McLaren Central. These sites were identified based on data indicating a high CKD prevalence or low CKD screening rates within their Medicaid patient populations.

The collaborative aimed to increase awareness of the importance of early detection and management of CKD among Medicaid eligible populations at Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) using a three-pronged approach:

  1. Increase provider and clinical education
  2. Promote referrals to evidence-based lifestyle change programming (through NKFM)
  3. Provide support and guidance to implement screening into clinical workflows

Each pilot site participated in an initial assessment including the collection of baseline data. NKFM then provided one-hour tailored clinical education sessions on various CKD topics from diagnosis and staging to lifestyle and nutrition approaches for prevention and management. Wozniak and Oesterle attribute the collaborative’s ability to adapt these trainings to each clinic based on their identified needs, capabilities, and goals to the successes observed in increased screening and diagnoses made at these pilot sites when compared to baseline data.

Amongst the four pilot sites, the collaborative found CKD screening rates in patients with diabetes increased on average by 27%, while in patients with hypertension (HTN) screening increased on average by 17% (Figure 1). Overall, CKD diagnosis increased by an average of 6.5% when compared to baseline.

Figure 1. CKD Learning Collaborative Data Findings

CKD Learning Collaborative Data Findings

Empowering the healthcare team and patients with actionable recommendations was another strategy identified to be especially helpful in moving the needle on screening rates. Ensuring laboratory representation from the beginning of the project was especially helpful in overcoming challenges related to laboratory test ordering and reporting. Moving forward, the presenters note that the project timeline may need to be adjusted to build in enough time to identify clinic champions and develop buy-in with clinic staff.

Throughout the project, NKFM and MCRH met monthly with all the pilot sites together, as well as separately. This allowed them the opportunity to collaborate on shared successes and barriers while also offering an opportunity to cater education and guidance of interventions to each site’s needs. While each pilot site ended the project with different next steps, all will continue to receive support from NKFM and MCRH as they progress on their journeys to diligently increase CKD screening, diagnosis, and referrals to lifestyle management programs.

Using the remaining funds from this grant, NKFM and MCRH built on their successes by developing a CKD toolkit for rural providers. The toolkit allows them to broaden the reach of the CKD Learning Collaborative’s impact to more clinics across Michigan. While the toolkit does cater to a rural health clinic audience, any clinic interested in learning more about enhancing CKD care can access the suite of provider and patient education resources, workflows, and screening tools on MCRH’s website.

MVC Rural Health Workgroup Mar. 11, 2025

Post-Discharge Follow-Up Workgroup March 20, 2025

This month, MVC’s post-discharge follow-up workgroup featured a presentation by Morgan Albright, Director of Case/ Care Management and Population Health at Oaklawn Hospital and Zach Chapman, Executive Director of Oaklawn Medical Group. Their co-presentation centered on Oaklawn Hospital and Oaklawn Medical Group’s collaboration to integrate Medicare Annual Wellness Visits (MAWVs) into their population health program.

MAWVs focus on preventive care and health maintenance and include a health risk assessment, review of medical history, and development of a personalized prevention plan (Figure 2). Unlike a preventive physical exam (IPPE) or routine physical exam, MAWVs do not include a comprehensive physical exam. Albright explained that while MAWVs are a standard benefit for Medicare beneficiaries, these visits were infrequently completed due to the limited time available during a PCP visit. Additionally, since these visits are hands off assessments and previously stand-alone appointments, patient satisfaction following these visits was generally low.

Figure 2. Comparison of Medicare Physical Exam Coverage

Comparison of Medicare Physical Exam Coverage: initial preventive physical exam, annual wellness visit, routine physical exam

In January of 2023, three population health nurses were integrated across Oaklawn’s outpatient offices with the goal of conducting dual and/or phone-prep MAWV appointments. Combining an MAWV with another regularly scheduled visit has helped to alleviate the barriers that existed for the Medicare patient population. Benefits of completing the MAWV include increased care planning, depression screening, and patient satisfaction.

An additional benefit to the integration of the population health nurses and MAWVs has been in the improvement of billing and revenue. Albright explained that while an initial MAWV does not necessarily generate revenue, any subsequent MAWVs, such as those focused on depression screening or social determinants of health (SDoH) concerns, are billable. Champman notes that in 2022, only 66 depression screenings were billed, compared to close to 4,000 in 2024. Similarly, billing for advanced care planning has increased from 94 cases in 2022 to 1,100 in 2024. Chapman estimates the return on investment is about 150% of the cost of a dedicated population health RN. He also noted the impact the introduction of population health support staff has had on reducing the primary care physician’s workload.

In addition to the MAWV assessments, Albright and Chapman note Oaklawn has initiated a chronic care management program. This program is a collaborative effort between Oaklawn’s care managers and a third-party chronic care management vendor. These check-ins take place between regularly scheduled appointments to ensure patients have the resources (access to medications, transportation, etc.) to be successful in management of their chronic conditions. The depth and breadth of the resources available between these two groups allows them to reach out to over 800 patients monthly. Identified downstream effects of this program have been reduced emergency department (ED) utilization and reduced length of stays (LOS).

Paired together, the addition of MAWVs and the chronic care management program have robustly increased Oaklawn Hospital and Medical Group’s ability to reach their aging Medicare patients. Overall, roughly 50% of Oaklawn’s eligible population completed MAWVs in 2024, compared to just 11% in 2021. This translates to about 1,800 wellness visits in 2021 versus 5,500 in 2024. Oaklawn’s next steps include intentionally working to engage with the remaining 50% of eligible Medicare patients to ensure they do not miss out on valuable healthcare resources.

To learn more about Medicare Wellness Visits including coding and billing requirements, visit the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services education website.

MVC Post-Discharge Follow-Up Workgroup Mar. 20, 2025

If you are interested in pursuing a healthcare improvement initiative, MVC has a robust registry of claims data that can be utilized, as well as site specialists who can help facilitate connections with peers doing similar work. Please reach out to us by email if you are interested to learn more about MVC data or engagement offerings. Please also join us for upcoming workgroups by registering on MVC’s website.

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Diabetes Awareness Month: MVC Highlights MCT2D Collaborations to Improve Diabetes Care

Diabetes Awareness Month: MVC Highlights MCT2D Collaborations to Improve Diabetes Care

November is Diabetes Awareness Month, a time to bring attention to the growing prevalence and impact of diabetes as well as the importance of early diagnosis, effective management, and prevention. According to the CDC, diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, affecting vital organs such as the nervous system, kidneys, heart, and eyes. In 2021, it was estimated that 38.4 million people of all ages had diabetes—more than 1 in 9 adults in Michigan alone—a number that continues to rise globally. Additionally, recent studies show that 98 million American adults have prediabetes, putting them at high risk for developing Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The need for increased awareness and proactive care has never been more urgent.

Despite being one of the most prevalent chronic conditions worldwide, T2D is largely preventable. Given its chronic nature, it is essential to advocate for widespread access to patient resources, leverage data analytics to pinpoint areas for improvement, and ensure that all individuals across Michigan have the opportunity to access care that can prevent the disease from progressing.

MVC Offerings for T2D Care

MVC is committed to using claims-based data to improve the health of Michigan through sustainable, high-value healthcare. Recently, MVC expanded its focus to address T2D and its complications. In March 2024, MVC incorporated two high-volume emergency department (ED) conditions into its new ED-based episodes: diabetes with long-term complications (e.g., renal, eye, neurological, and circulatory issues) and short-term complications (e.g., ketoacidosis, hyperosmolarity, or coma). These ED-based episodes were developed in partnership with MEDIC and can be used to generate custom analytics for any MVC hospital or physician organization member.

MVC also has ongoing collaborations with the Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes (MCT2D) to identify opportunities to improve care for T2D patients and evaluate the impact of CQI initiatives. Currently, both teams are partnering on a value exercise to assess whether practices participating in MCT2D reduced the use of certain diabetes medications compared to non-participating sites. This work will provide valuable insights into medication utilization.

More recently, MVC’s collaboration with MCT2D led to the creation of a new report on T2D in Michigan. It provided demographics and analyses for patients with T2D in Michigan insured by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM), Blue Care Network (BCN), Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS), and Michigan Medicaid between 2017 and 2023. The report also integrated pharmacy prescription claims. The report showcased several key trends, including:

  • A notable decrease in ED utilization and hospitalizations for T2D care from 2017-2023 (Figure 1).
  • An increase in visits with primary care providers (PCPs) and specialists, such as endocrinologists and nephrologists (Figure 2).
  • A shift in prescription utilization, with increased use of newer medications like GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, while the use of older therapies such as insulin and sulfonylureas declined (Figure 3).

Figure 1. Yearly Rates of ED Utilization Among T2D Beneficiaries, 2017-2023

Figure 2. Yearly Rates of Provider Visit Utilization Among T2D Beneficiaries by Provider Type

Figure 3. T2D Medication Utilization Among Beneficiaries with T2D, 2017-2023

The report also highlighted important demographic trends, including that T2D patients in Michigan are, on average, older, more likely to be male, and more likely to be Black, with a higher prevalence of non-commercial insurance coverage. These insights are helping MVC and MCT2D to focus their future efforts.

Looking Towards the Future

Although the prevalence of diabetes is a significant challenge, the innovative efforts of groups such as MCT2D and the American Diabetes Association provide hope for the future. MVC is excited to complete and share its value exercise with MCT2D in 2025, as well as continue to build on its offerings to MVC member hospitals and physician organizations for diabetes-related improvement projects.

Diabetes Awareness Month offers an opportunity to reflect on the challenges faced by millions living with diabetes, while also recognizing the significant progress being made in the fight against the disease. With the continued support of healthcare professionals, organizations, and communities, MVC is committed to improving care, prevention, and education. Together, we can raise awareness, improve outcomes, and provide support for those affected by diabetes.

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MVC, MCT2D Introduce New State-of-the-State Report on Type 2 Diabetes in Michigan

MVC, MCT2D Introduce New State-of-the-State Report on Type 2 Diabetes in Michigan

Chronic disease management was a key driver of healthcare utilization over the last decade and has been cited as the most expensive chronic disease in the U.S. In response, MVC recently partnered with the Michigan Collaborative for Type 2 Diabetes (MCT2D) to develop a statewide report on Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), a chronic illness that impacts over 1 million adults in Michigan. This new report was recently shared by both MVC and MCT2D at the Michigan Obesity Summit and will be distributed to MVC member hospitals later this week.

The report summarized demographics, healthcare utilization, and prescription patterns among those patients with T2D in Michigan insured by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM), Blue Care Network (BCN), Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS), and Michigan Medicaid between 2017 and 2023. To create this report, MVC first used its claims data to identify beneficiaries aged 18 and older with a qualifying T2D diagnosis in the past year. After identifying annual cohorts of beneficiaries with T2D for each year, 2017-2023, MVC assessed annual utilization of T2D prescription medications, emergency department (ED) visits, inpatient hospitalizations, and provider visits.

MVC assessed filled prescriptions among T2D beneficiaries with corresponding prescription coverage using its pharmacy claims. This was the first time MVC included prescription claims data in a member push report and the first time that prescription claims from all MVC payer sources were utilized in a single MVC analysis. Medicare beneficiaries were excluded from 2022 and 2023 prescription utilization rates because Medicare pharmacy claims were only available through 12/31/2021. Diabetes-related drug classes were identified in pharmacy claims based on National Drug Code (NDC) as well as standardized prescription names and classes.

Newer medications such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors are frequently prescribed to improve glucose control, reduce mortality, slow kidney disease progression, and aid in weight loss. The American Diabetes Association now recommends the use of these medications for patients with cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and obesity. In keeping with these guidelines, MVC’s analyses indicated a large increase in utilization of GLP-1 receptor agonists (3.1% to 18.6%) and SGLT2 inhibitors (2.3% to 14.2%) between 2017 and 2023 (Figure 1). In the same period, prescriptions decreased from 2017 to 2023 for insulins (20.9% to 16.5%) and sulfonylureas (17% to 10.9%).

Figure 1.

Demographic characteristics including age, sex, race (Figure 2), and insurance provider (payer) were described within the report for all beneficiaries with T2D across all payers 2017-2023 and compared to the characteristics of all beneficiaries reflected in MVC data during those years. Compared to all beneficiaries, those with T2D were older, with an average age of 66 years versus the average of 43 years among all beneficiaries. T2D beneficiaries were also more likely to be male (50% vs 43%), Black (20% vs 15%), and more often covered by non-commercial insurance plans (45% vs 28%).

Figure 2.

From 2017 to 2023, rates of diabetes-related ED visits and hospital admissions remained relatively infrequent among T2D beneficiaries. Around two percent of T2D beneficiaries visited an ED for a reason related to diabetes each year, and one percent were hospitalized in relation to diabetes. ED utilization unrelated to diabetes decreased from 37.4% in 2017 to 33.1% in 2023 among T2D beneficiaries (Figure 3). Hospital admissions unrelated to diabetes decreased from 21.3% to 16.4% (Figure 4).

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

In contrast, T2D beneficiaries saw primary care physicians, nephrologists, and endocrinologists more frequently between 2017 and 2023, with observed increases for all three provider types (Figure 5). Most notably, visit utilization with primary care providers increased from 18.3% to 32.9%. Nephrologist visit utilization increased from 1.2% to 2.2%, and endocrinologist visit utilization increased from 1.9% to 3.6%.

Figure 5.

This new report created in partnership with MCT2D provided a high-level overview of healthcare utilization among T2D beneficiaries within Michigan. Since the analyses utilized data derived from medical insurance claims, one key limitation was the exclusion of uninsured individuals as well as key indicators of T2D outcomes that are not accurately captured in claims data, such as HbA1C levels, blood pressure, continuous glucose monitor utilization, and retinopathy screening. Despite these gaps, the data revealed promising trends in diabetes care, including increased primary care visits, greater use of guideline-directed medications proven to show significant benefit, and reduced emergency department visits. MVC’s analyses also underscored areas for improvement, such as the need to address health equity gaps and continued promotion of guideline-directed medical therapy.

MVC will share copies of the completed report directly with members later this week, and a copy is also available on the MVC website [PDF]. If you are interested in pursuing a custom analysis for any of these measures or a different tailored custom analysis, please reach out to MVC.

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MVC’s 2023 Chronic Disease Management Follow-Up Reports Coming to Members Soon

MVC’s 2023 Chronic Disease Management Follow-Up Reports Coming to Members Soon

MVC will soon distribute the 2023 version of its chronic disease management follow-up reports to members. This refreshed version provides summary data on patients eligible for follow-up care after discharge from hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

MVC defines timely follow-up care as receipt of an in-person or remote outpatient follow-up visit within 30 days of hospital discharge to home or home health care and before any readmission, emergency department (ED) visit, or procedure. Patients admitted to a skilled nursing facility, long-term acute care hospital, or inpatient rehab within the 30-day episode were excluded. MVC’s follow-up analyses was performed using claims-based episodes of care with index hospital admissions between 7/1/2019 and 06/30/2022 for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM) PPO Commercial and Medicare Advantage (MA), Blue Care Network (BCN) HMO Commercial and MA, and Medicare Fee-for-Service insurance plans. For each of the two chronic conditions included in the report, hospitals with at least 11 episodes per year for a given condition received that condition-specific data.

The report offers a comparison of demographic characteristics for CHF and COPD patients who received a follow-up visit within 30 days versus those who did not receive follow-up. Demographic characteristics tabulated for each condition include the percent of patients living in “at-risk” or “distressed” Zip codes as defined by the Economic Innovation Group’s Distressed Community Index, patients’ average number of comorbidities, the mean age of patients, and the distribution of race and ethnicity. MVC recently refined and expanded its reporting of race and ethnicity identities, and these updates were reflected in the report. Patients are grouped as Hispanic if their insurance provider categorized their combined race/ethnicity as Hispanic or their ethnicity as Hispanic. Additionally, MVC no longer combines smaller groups and discontinued its use of the terms “other” and “unknown.”

On the first page provided for each condition, hospital follow-up rates are provided for three windows of time compared to those at other MVC hospitals (Figure 1), as well as trends over time for each follow-up window (Figure 2). For CHF, follow-up rates are provided in 3-day, 7-day, and 14-day time windows. For COPD, follow-up rates are provided in 7-, 14-, and 30-day time windows.

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

The second page of condition-specific feedback includes a summary of average 30-day risk-adjusted, price-standardized total episode payments by follow-up status compared to statewide and regional averages. Among general acute care hospitals included in the analysis, the statewide total average payment for CHF episodes was $17,235 for patients who received follow-up and $20,069 for those who did not; for COPD episodes, the statewide average payments were $13,815 among those with follow-up and $16,056 among those without. In reports generated for Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs), payments were compared to averages across all MVC CAH members. Rates of 30-day follow-up were also compared by payers across the same groups.

The final figure (Figure 3) in the report for each condition is a summary of follow-up method among those who received any follow-up care. Patients who received follow-up were categorized as having received only in-person follow-up visit(s), only remote follow-up, or both in-person and remote follow-up. MVC found that more than 80% of CHF and COPD patients statewide exclusively received in-person follow-up after a hospitalization.

Figure 3.

If you have any questions or feedback about this report, please contact the MVC Coordinating Center.

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MVC, MBSC Estimate Significant Diabetes Medication Savings Following Bariatric Surgery

MVC, MBSC Estimate Significant Diabetes Medication Savings Following Bariatric Surgery

Diabetes is commonly cited as the most expensive chronic disease in the U.S., accounting for over $37 billion in 2017. As many as 1 in 10 Americans have been diagnosed, 90-95% of whom have Type 2 diabetes. Management of Type 2 diabetes involves healthy eating, physical activity, and often taking medication prescribed by a doctor, such as insulin, other injectable medications, or oral diabetes medicines to help manage blood sugar. It is both clinically and economically significant, then, that the Michigan Value Collaborative (MVC) was recently part of an analysis that estimated over $76.5 million in insurance savings on prescription diabetes medications after patients underwent metabolic surgery.

MVC identified these savings in partnership with the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative (MBSC) last year and published their findings in a co-authored research letter in JAMA Surgery. This work was featured recently by the medical news site Medpage Today.

The partner project was initiated by MBSC in 2022 to help assess the impact of bariatric surgery on prescription fills for diabetes medications across the state of Michigan, driven largely by existing evidence in the literature that bariatric surgery resolved or improved Type 2 diabetes symptoms in a large proportion of patients (Varban et al., 2022). MBSC is a regional group of hospitals and surgeons that aim to innovate the science and practice of metabolic and bariatric surgery through comprehensive, lifelong, patient-centered obesity care.

Using its rich administrative claims data sources, the MVC team first analyzed pre-surgery and post-surgery receipt of diabetes medications, which was then used to estimate a high-level snapshot of the overall impact across Michigan. MVC's analysis included estimated cost savings to health insurance providers that could be attributed to a decrease in post-surgery diabetes medication prescription fills.

The analysis used bariatric surgery episodes for Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy hospitalizations. It was limited to bariatric surgery patients with a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes who filled an outpatient diabetes medication prescription prior to their discharge. The analysis focused on episodes with index admissions between 2015 and 2021 for Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM) PPO Commercial and BCBSM Medicare Advantage plans for individuals who were continuously enrolled in a prescription sub-plan. This amounted to 760 patients with Type 2 diabetes undergoing gastric bypass (22%) or sleeve gastrectomy (78%) between 2015 to 2021.

In the 120 days prior to surgery, MVC found that 88% of patients filled an outpatient oral diabetes medication prescription, 30% filled an insulin prescription, and 21% filled a GLP-1 receptor agonist prescription. From the 120 days pre-surgery to the 120 days post-surgery, there was a significant decrease in fills for any diabetes medication (p<.001). The most frequent change in medications between pre- and post-surgery was from oral diabetes medication to no diabetes medication. In the 1 to 120 days following surgery, half (50%) of patients filled no diabetes medication prescriptions, and in the 121 to 240 days following surgery, most patients (63%) filled no diabetes medication prescriptions (see Figure 1).

Figure 1.

This amounted to an average decrease in diabetes prescription payments made by the insurance provider of approximately $4,133 per patient in the first year following surgery. Given that 34% of bariatric surgery patients have diabetes and 54,454 bariatric surgeries were performed in Michigan between 2015 and 2021, MVC estimated that insurance providers in Michigan saved $76.5 million on diabetes medications in the 360 days following bariatric surgeries in 2015-2021. In addition, data suggest that savings would continue to increase in future years due to long-term diabetes remission and cost benefits from optimized diabetes management. These results provide evidence of significant statewide clinical outcome improvement and cost savings for Type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery.

These findings and their implications were also highlighted recently during an MVC workgroup featuring Dr. Oliver Varban of MBSC as the guest speaker. See below for a complete recording of his insightful presentation about bariatric surgery, its impact on chronic disease management, and more.

MVC’s expertise and data frequently result in partner projects like this; MVC completed three other CQI impact assessments last year (Figure 2). These projects are an example of MVC’s interest in CQI collaboration, which is also demonstrated through new condition and report development, data analysis and metric consultation, and data matching exercises that pair clinical and claims-based data.

Figure 2.

To request a copy of any of MVC’s completed impact assessments from 2022 or prior, please contact the MVC Coordinating Center.

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Healthy Weight Awareness Month Inspires Workgroup Collaboration

Healthy Weight Awareness Month Inspires Workgroup Collaboration

This January, healthcare organizations and advocacy groups across the country are promoting Healthy Weight Awareness Month, as well as innovations in weight loss procedures. In alignment with this national conversation, MVC recently hosted its first workgroup of 2023 with a guest presentation by Oliver Varban, MD, FACS, FASMBS, Associate Director at the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative (MBSC), about obesity in Michigan, the main challenges of treatment, and how MBSC uses data to improve surgical management outcomes. The aim of such workgroups is to impart relevant data, best practices, and success stories for the benefit of MVC members and partners working in that clinical area.

According to data from CDC, the prevalence of obesity increased from 30% to 42% over the past 20 years, with 41% of Americans currently considered clinically obese. Excess body weight is associated with many different conditions and comorbidities (e.g., certain types of cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and stroke) and is a risk factor for increased severity and fatality of various conditions, such as those who experienced more severe illness from COVID-19 infection. Clinical management interventions range from screening and lifestyle changes to medication and surgery.

Identification and treatment of obesity often begins by measuring a patient’s body mass index (BMI), an estimate of body fat based on height and weight. The CDC uses BMI to measure obesity, but this measure falls short in several ways. For one, the accuracy of the measurement is lower among men, the elderly, and those in the intermediate BMI ranges. In addition, racial groups experience differing levels of disease for a given BMI. On its own BMI is not an accurate predictor of health. There are also a number of complex connections to social determinants of health since patients residing in environments with more limited access to healthy food and physical activity often have higher BMIs.

MBSC has been working to support quality improvement in healthy weight management since 2005 and aims to innovate the science and practice of metabolic and bariatric surgery through comprehensive, lifelong, patient-centered obesity care. MBSC utilizes its extensive clinical registry data to generate tools that support clinicians and patients in decision-making, including several patient- and provider-facing tools that outline a patient’s likely risks, benefits, and costs for various treatment pathways.

Given obesity’s prevalence and association with other chronic conditions, improved outcomes for patients managing obesity have far-reaching implications. Therefore, MVC and MBSC partnered last year to measure the value of bariatric surgery in treating diabetes, one of the most common and costly chronic conditions. According to the American Diabetes Association, $1 in $7 healthcare dollars are spent treating diabetes and its complications, and patients diagnosed with diabetes face 2.3 times the average person's healthcare costs. The analysis performed by MVC and MBSC was largely driven by existing evidence in the literature that bariatric surgery resolved or improved Type 2 diabetes symptoms in a large proportion of patients (Varban et al., 2022). Using its rich administrative claims data sources, MVC helped analyze pre-surgery and post-surgery receipt of diabetes medications, which was used to estimate the overall impact across Michigan and its estimated cost savings due to a decrease in post-surgery diabetes medication prescription fills.

The most impressive finding of the analysis was a significant decrease in the percentage of bariatric surgery patients who filled any diabetes prescription post-surgery (Figure 1), with over 50% of patients who previously used diabetes prescriptions taking no medications within 120 days post-surgery. This amounted to an annual cost savings of about $4,133 per patient. Five years post-surgery, the continued estimated cost savings from reduced reliance on prescriptions ($20,665) surpassed the average price-standardized total episode cost of bariatric surgery ($14,832). These results provide evidence of statewide clinical outcome improvement and cost savings for Type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery. A summary of this return-on-investment analysis was developed and publicized by MBSC and MVC in August 2022.

Figure 1.

This analysis was also evidence of the opportunities for cross-collaboration and information sharing in obesity care—between primary care providers, chronic disease management care teams, and bariatric surgeons; between collaborative quality initiatives with varying clinical, value-based, and socioeconomic focuses; and between providers, their patient, and their patient’s families. Obesity is a clinical diagnosis with extensive social complexities and implications for one’s physical and mental health. Improving support and care for those in seek of treatment requires intentional, innovative collaboration.

The complete recording of Dr. Varban’s recent MVC Health in Action workgroup presentation and the discussion that followed are available on MVC’s YouTube channel. Those with questions about any of the above-mentioned materials or analyses are welcome to contact the MVC Coordinating Center at Michigan-Value-Collaborative@med.umich.edu. MVC’s next workgroup takes place on Tues., Jan. 24, from 11 a.m. - 12 p.m., featuring a guest presentation by Karla Stoermer Grossman, MSA, BSN, RN, AE-C, Clinical Site Coordinator at the Inspiring Health Advances in Lung Care (INHALE) Collaborative Quality Initiative. Register to join us and hear about INHALE’s approach to improving outcomes for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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MVC Launches New Push Report on ED and Post-Acute Care Use

The emergency department (ED) is a unique and critical component of the healthcare system in the U.S., treating acute injuries or illnesses and acting as a safety net for patients who are uninsured or low income. ED visits are also very expensive, and that spending is growing according to a recent retrospective study of ED trends. This week the Michigan Value Collaborative (MVC) is distributing its newest push report on ED and post-acute care (PAC) utilization to support members' efforts in this space.

Since the ED serves as a safety net for patients experiencing barriers to healthcare access, the Coordinating Center report purposefully integrates measures tied to social determinants of health and health equity. Reports contain a patient population snapshot table showcasing several patient characteristics by payer (see Figure 1), including age, race, comorbidities, zip code, dual-eligibility status, and economic distress scores. Dual-eligible patients are those who qualify for both Medicaid and Medicare; these patients tend to have a higher prevalence rate for chronic conditions, disabilities, and other care needs that substantially increase healthcare utilization.

Figure 1.

Economic distress scores range from 0-100 with a higher score indicating greater economic distress. These scores come from the Economic Innovation Group’s Distressed Communities Index (DCI), which is derived from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Business Patterns and American Community Survey. The DCI combines seven complementary economic indicators (see Figure 2) to provide a single, holistic, and comparative measure of economic well-being across communities in the U.S. In MVC’s report, there is a proportion of patients living in an “at-risk” or “distressed” zip code across all payers, as classified by the DCI. However, as the literature often indicates, the Medicaid population has the highest average distress score and a larger proportion of patients living in an “at-risk” or “distressed” zip code.

Figure 2.

The bulk of MVC’s latest report aims to provide its members with more granular insights into PAC utilization in the 30-day post-discharge period than is available on the MVC registry. Using index admissions for medical conditions from 1/1/18 through 12/31/20, the report focuses predominantly on ED utilization, which is categorized as either “ED to Home” or “ED to Readmission.” ED to Home represents ED visits that do not occur on the same day as readmission, and ED to Readmission refers to those visits occurring on the same day as readmission.

The report includes figures illustrating trends in 30-day ED to Home rates between 2018 and 2020, top reasons for ED visits at a given hospital, the number of ED to Home visits within 30 days post-discharge, the number of days until the first ED visit post-discharge, the ED to Home rate and the breakdown of total PAC spending for a hospital’s three highest-volume conditions, and the average ED facility payment. MVC included the following payers in this report: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan (BCBSM) PPO Commercial, BCBSM Medicare Advantage (MA), Blue Care Network (BCN) HMO Commercial, BCN MA, Medicare Fee-for-Service, and Medicaid.

Overall, the MVC report confirms published findings that Medicaid patients utilize the ED at a higher rate than patients insured by other payers. The Coordinating Center also finds that ED use differs between types of providers. For acute care hospitals, for example, over half of ED visits occur on the same day as readmission, whereas these visits account for 40% at Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs).

MVC also finds that ED to Home visits most often occur once in the 30 days following discharge for most of the collaborative (see Figure 3). There are some members, however, with three or more ED to Home visits within the 30-day post-discharge period.

Figure 3.

The Coordinating Center envisions this report being of particular importance to its CAH members, whose structures, services, and patient populations make the ED and PAC a top priority. As such, MVC prepared versions of this report for both CAHs and acute care hospitals using their respective comparison groups throughout. In other words, the CAH version of the report includes comparison points for all other CAHs in the collaborative. Acute care hospitals can see their traditional collaborative-wide and regional comparison data, not including hospitals with a CAH designation.

As members review and discuss the findings in their report(s), MVC encourages providers to utilize the Michigan Emergency Department Improvement Collaborative (MEDIC), which is dedicated to improving the quality of ED care across the state of Michigan. In addition, if members wish to discuss additional custom analyses on ED and PAC utilization, please contact the MVC Coordinating Center at michiganvaluecollaborative@gmail.com.